This is “Income Taxes and Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis”, section 6.6 from the book Accounting for Managers (v. 1.0). For details on it (including licensing), click here.
For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page. You can browse or download additional books there. To download a .zip file containing this book to use offline, simply click here.
Question: Some organizations, such as not-for-profit entities and governmental agencies, are not required to pay income taxes. However, most for-profit organizations must pay income taxes on their profits. How do we find the target profit in units or sales dollars for organizations that pay income taxes?
Answer: Three steps are required:
Step 1. Determine the desired target profit after taxes (i.e., after accounting for income taxes).
Step 2. Convert the desired target profit after taxes to the target profit before taxes.
Step 3. Use the target profit before taxes in the appropriate formula to calculate the target profit in units or sales dollars.
Using Snowboard Company as an example, the assumptions are as follows:
Sales price per unit | $ 250 |
Variable cost per unit | 150 |
Fixed costs per month | 50,000 |
Target profit | 30,000 |
Assume also that the $30,000 target profit is the monthly profit desired after taxes and that Snowboard has a tax rate of 20 percent.
Step 1. Determine the desired target profit after taxes.
Snowboard’s management wants to know how many units must be sold to earn a profit of $30,000 after taxes. Target profit before taxes will be higher than $30,000, and we calculate it in the next step.
Step 2. Convert the desired target profit after taxes to the target profit before taxes.
The formula used to solve for target profit before taxes is as follows.
Using Snowboard Company’s data, the formula would read as follows:
Step 3. Use the target profit before taxes in the appropriate formula to calculate the target profit in units or sales dollars.
The formula used to solve for target profit in units is
For Snowboard Company, it would read as follows:
This answer is confirmed in the following contribution margin income statement.
Companies that incur income taxes must follow three steps to find the break-even point or target profit.
Step 1. Determine the desired target profit after taxes.
Step 2. Convert the desired target profit after taxes to target profit before taxes using the following formula:
Target profit before taxes = Target profit after taxes ÷ (1 − tax rate)
Step 3. Use the target profit before taxes from step 2 in the appropriate target profit formula to calculate the target profit in units or in sales dollars.
This review problem is based on the information for Snowboard Company. Assume Snowboard’s tax rate remains at 20 percent.
Solution to Review Problem 6.7
The three steps to determine how many units must be sold to earn a target profit after taxes are as follows:
Step 1. Determine the desired target profit after taxes.
Management wants a profit of $50,000 after taxes and needs to know how many units must be sold to earn this profit.
Step 2. Convert the desired target profit after taxes to the target profit before taxes.
The formula used to solve for target profit before taxes is
Step 3. Use the target profit before taxes in the appropriate formula to calculate the target profit in units.
The formula to solve for target profit in units is
For Snowboard Company, it would read as follows:
The three steps to determine how many sales dollars are required to achieve a target profit after taxes are as follows:
Step 1. Determine the desired target profit after taxes.
Management wants a profit of $60,000 after taxes and needs to know the sales dollars required to earn this profit.
Step 2. Convert the desired target profit after taxes to target profit before taxes.
The formula used to solve for target profit before taxes is
Step 3. Use the target profit before taxes in the appropriate formula to calculate the target profit in sales dollars.
The formula used to solve for target profit in sales dollars is